Inhibitory effect of long non-coding RNA Neat1 on ultraviolet B-induced pyroptosis of human lens epithelial cells and its mechanism / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (Neat1) in pyroptosis of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods:The human lens epithelial cell line HLE-B3 was cultured in vitro, and cells at log phase were exposed to ultraviolet B for 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours, respectively.The expression of cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), a protein related to pyroptosis, was detected by Western blot.The relative expression level of Neat1 in cells after different irradiation durations was determined by real-time quantitative PCR.Cell viability was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method to screen the optimal irradiation duration for UVB-induced LECs pyroptosis, which was finally determined to be 4 hours.HLE-B3 cells were divided into negative siRNA transfection group, siRNA Neat1 transfection group, negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, and were transfected with corresponding reagents for 24 hours.The negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group were irradiated with UVB for 4 hours after transfection.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 method.The pyroptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) proteins were detected by Western blot.The concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ultrastructural changes in HLE-B3 cells were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results:The grayscale of caspase-1 protein bands increased with the extension of irradiation duration.The relative expression levels of caspase-1 protein at 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours of irradiation were 0.05±0.01, 0.25±0.07, 0.51±0.04 and 0.74±0.02, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=168.223, P<0.001), and significant differences were found in paired comparisons (all at P<0.05). With prolonged irradiation, the relative expression level of Neat1 mRNA increased and the cell viability decreased, with statistically significant differences in paired comparisons (all at P<0.05). Compared with negative siRNA transfection group, the cell viability was increased in siRNA Neat1 transfection group and decreased in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, with statistically significant differences (both at P<0.01). Compared with negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, the cell viability was increased in siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, showing a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The pyroptosis rate was significantly lower in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group than in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.01). The relative expression levels of caspase-1, NLRP3 and GSDMD proteins in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group were higher than those in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.01). The concentration of IL-1β was significantly higher in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group than in negative siRNA transfection group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Cell swelling, formed cell membrane pores, vacuolated cells and fuzzy mitochondrial cristae were seen in negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group and siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group by transmission electron microscopy.Compared with negative siRNA transfection+ irradiation group, slighter cell swelling, fewer cell membrane pores and lighter mitochondrial swelling were seen in siRNA Neat1 transfection+ irradiation group. Conclusions:Neat1 is involved in human LECs pyroptosis induced by UVB through the classic pyroptosis pathway mediated by caspase-1.Knockdown of Neat1 can inhibit the pyroptosis of human LECs.

Association of Ego-depletion level with glycemic control and quality of life among adolescents with type 1 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the ego-depletion level of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to explore its association with glycemic control and quality of life.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey study. A total of 195 adolescents with T1DM were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March to September 2022 by convenient sampling method. The Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S) and Short Form of the Chinese version Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth Scale (C-DQOLY-SF) and the general information questionnaire were collected and the glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c) value was detected. Results:The total score of self-regulatory fatigue for 195 adolescents with T1DM was (42.23 ± 9.94) points, with a scoring rate of 52.79%, which was at a medium level. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of self-regulatory fatigue was positively correlated with HbA1c ( r = 0.25, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with quality of life ( r = -0.61, P<0.01). The hierarchical linear regression results showed that after controlling for demographic sociolagy and disease variables, ego-depletion had a positive predictive effect on HbA1c ( t = 3.69, P<0.01), while ego-depletion had a negative predictive effect on Quality of life ( t = -8.48, P<0.01). Conclusions:Ego-depletion of adolescents with T1DM may affect their blood glucose control and quality of life, which should be noticed by medical workers.

Structural Design and Optimization of Cushioning Insole with Variable Stiffness / 医用生物力学

Objective An X-shaped cushioning insole with variable stiffness was designed to explore its effects on plantar pressure and internal stress of diabetic patients with toe amputation. Methods Based on CT images, the feet-calf finite element model of diabetic patients with toe amputation was established, and the insole was divided into different areas according to distribution characteristics of the planter pressure. The three-dimensional (3D) printed cushioning insole with an X-shaped sandwich structure was designed. The modulus of the sandwichstructure was changed by changing thickness of the sandwich structure panel. For simulation analysis, the divided area was filled with the X-shaped sandwich structure with different modulus. Results The peak plantar pressure of diabetic patients with toe amputation was in calcaneal region, and the combined insoles with 1. 2 mpanel thickness in toe area, 1. 4 mm panel thickness in metatarsal area, 2. 0 mm panel thickness in middle area and 1. 6 mm panel thickness in heel area had the best decompression effect. Compared with bare feet, the peak pressure in heel area of the insole, the peak pressure in phalangeal head area and the stress in plantar softissues were reduced by 40. 18% , 31. 7% , and 50. 44% , respectively. Conclusions The 3D printed insoles with variable stiffness can effectively reduce surface pressure and internal stress of the sole and reduce probability of the 2nd toe amputation

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma in 25 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the treatment of locally advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), and to explore the factors related to the efficacy of NACT. Methods: A total of 25 patients with ONB who underwent NACT in Beijing TongRen Hospital from April 2017 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 9 females, with an average age of 44.9 years (ranged 26-72 years). There were 22 cases of Kadish stage C and 3 cases of stage D. After multiple disciplinary team(MDT) discussion, all patients were treated sequentially with NACT-surgery-radiotherapy. Among them, 17 cases were treated with taxol, cis-platinum and etoposide (TEP), 4 cases with taxol, nedaplatin and ifosfamide (TPI), 3 cases with TP, while 1 case with EP. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and survival analyses were calculated based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The overall response rate of NACT was 32% (8/25). Subsequently, 21 patients underwent extended endoscopic surgery and 4 patients underwent combined cranial-nasal approach. Three patients with stage D disease underwent cervical lymph node dissection. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The mean follow-up time was 44.2 months (ranged 6-67 months). The 5-year overall survival rate was 100.0%, and the 5-year disease-free survival rates was 94.4%. Before NACT, Ki-67 index was 60% (50%, 90%), while Ki-67 index was 20% (3%, 30%) after chemotherapy [M (Q1, Q3)]. The change of Ki-67 before and after NACT was statistically significant (Z=-24.24, P<0.05). The effects of age, gender, history of surgery, Hyams grade, Ki-67 index and chemotherapy regimen to NACT were analyzed. Ki-67 index≥25% and high Hyams grade were related to the efficacy of NACT (all P<0.05). Conclusions: NACT could reduce Ki-67 index in ONBs. High Ki-67 index and Hyams grade are clinical indicators sensitive to the efficacy of NACT. NACT-surgery-radiotherapy is effective for patients with locally advanced ONB.

Clinical Prediction of Lung Cancer Complicated with Pulmonary Infection After Thoracoscopic Surgery Based on Nomogram Model / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze the risk factors of lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary infection after thoracoscopic surgery and establish a predictive nomogram model. Methods A total of 315 patients with primary lung cancer who had undergone thoracoscopic surgery from January 2018 to October 2021 in our hospital were divided into two groups according to the incidence of pulmonary infection. Two groups of clinical data were collected for single-factor and regression analyses, and independent predictors were obtained. On this basis, a risk model was constructed and its predictive effectiveness was evaluated. Results The independent risk factors of lung cancer patients complicated with pulmonary infection after thoracoscopic radical operation were as follows: age≥62.5 years, smoking index≥100, PEF≤72.1 ml/s, TNM stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ, and operation time≥188.5 min (P < 0.05). Based on the above factors, the risk model of the column chart was established. Model-verification results showed that the C-index of the model was 0.909, and the correction curve showed that the column chart model had good differentiation and consistency. Conclusion Lung cancer patients' age, smoking index, TNM stage, PEF, and operation time are closely related to pulmonary infection after thoracoscopic radical operation. The nomogram model is useful for identifying high-risk patients and reducing postoperative complications.

Macrophage heterogeneity role in NAFLD and NASH disease progression / 中华肝脏病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic stress liver injury that is closely associated with insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. The continuum of liver injury in NAFLD can range from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complicated. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipotoxicity, and gut bacterial metabolites play a key role in activating liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and recruiting circulating monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDMacs) to deposit fat in the liver. With the application of single-cell RNA-sequencing, significant heterogeneity in hepatic macrophages has been revealed, suggesting that KCs and MoDMacs located in the liver exert distinct functions in regulating liver inflammation and NASH progression. This study focuses on the role of macrophage heterogeneity in the development and occurrence of NAFLD and NASH, in view of the fact that innate immunity plays a key role in the development of NAFLD.

Effect of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents on systemic concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Chorioretinal disease has become a significant problem affecting human vision. Abnormal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)leads to increased fundus permeability and neovascularization. Vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents can rapidly inhibit the level of VEGF in the eye and effectively control the development of the disease. At present, anti-VEGF agents are widely administered in ophthalmology. However, studies have shown that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents can reduce plasma VEGF concentration after entering the circulatory system, and the pointless off-target effects of drugs may lead to systemic adverse reactions. For elderly patients, patients with serious comorbidities, lactating women, premature infants and other special populations, attention should be paid to systemic VEGF inhibition after multiple injections. In this paper, in order to provide reference for clinical anti-VEGF therapy, the pharmacokinetics therapy, systemic adverse reactions, contralateral eye effects, and effects of anti-VEGF on breast milk and preterm infants were discussed, and the systemic effects of vitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents were reviewed.

Survival of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Fuzheng Gushe Therapy： A Real World Study / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients treated with Fuzheng Gushe therapy in the real world. MethodA retrospective cohort study was carried out with the NSCLC patients treated with Fuzheng Gushe therapy from January 2014 to December 2018 in Dongzhimen Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as the integrated traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine cohort. The NSCLC data from January 2011 to December 2015 in the Surveillance， Epidemiology， and End Results （SEER） database were downloaded as the western medicine cohort. The propensity score matching （PSM） was employed to balance the confounding factors between the groups， and comparable samples were obtained from the two groups. The Log-rank test was conducted to compare the overall survival between the groups and the survival curves were established. ResultThe integrated TCM and western medicine cohort and the western medicine cohort included 511 and 5 022 NSCLC patients， respectively. The age， sex， and chemotherapy had no significant differences between the two cohorts， while pathological type， lymph node metastasis （N）， distant metastasis （M）， surgery， and radiotherapy were different between the two cohorts （P<0.05）. After PSM， 122 comparable samples were obtained. The overall survival analysis showed that the total survival of the integrated TCM and western medicine cohort was better than that of the western medicine cohort （P<0.05）. The stratified survival analysis showed that the integrated TCM and western medicine cohort had survival advantages in females， males， the young， and adenocarcinoma， N+， and M+ patients （P<0.05）. ConclusionFuzheng Gushe therapy can significantly improve the overall survival of NSCLC patients， especially in the females， the males， the young， and the patients with adenocarcinoma， lymph node metastasis， and distant metastasis.

Progress on the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 / 药学学报

Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most important saponins in ginseng. It has a wide range of pharmacological activities. It is considered to be a powerful neuroprotective agent. It has neuroprotective effects such as anti-neuroinflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-neuronal apoptosis, and enhancing memory. Rg1 shows a good application prospect in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and mental diseases such as depression. This paper reviews the research on the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 at home and abroad in recent years, in order to provide new research ideas for the clinical treatment of nervous system diseases.

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.@*METHODS@#Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients.@*RESULTS@#Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Research progress of optical motion capture technology in shoulder biomechanics / 中国骨伤

The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint in the body with the largest range of motion, and the movement pattern is more complex. Accurate capture of three-dimensional motion data of the shoulder joint is crucial for biomechanical evaluation. Optical motion capture systems offer a non-invasive and radiation-free method to capture shoulder joint motion data during complex movements, enabling further biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical motion capture technology in the context of shoulder joint movement, including measurement principles, data processing methods to reduce artifacts from skin and soft tissues, factors influencing measurement results, and applications in shoulder joint disorders.

Short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for post-traumatic arthritis of knee / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short- and mid-term effectiveness of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) of knee.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 30 patients with PTA of unilateral knee between March 2014 and September 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 males and 16 females with an average of 64.5 years (range, 33-81 years). The average body mass index was 26.7 kg/m 2 (range, 19.8-35.6 kg/m 2). The types of injuries that caused PTA included intra-articular fracture in 16 cases, extra-articular fracture in 8 cases, and soft tissue injury in 6 cases. The initial injuries were treated by conservative therapy in 12 cases and by surgical therapy in 18 cases. Ten cases were medial compartment osteoarthritis and 20 cases were lateral compartment osteoarthritis. According to Kellgren-Lawrence staging, there were 19 cases of grade Ⅲ and 11 cases of grade Ⅳ. The operative time, the length of hospital stay, complications, and subjective satisfaction were recorded. The Oxford Knee Function Score (OKS), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and knee range of motion (ROM) were used to evaluate knee function. Weight-bearing X-ray films were taken to measure the femoro-tibial angle (FTA) and to assess alignment correction of the lower limb.@*RESULTS@#The operative time ranged from 50 to 95 minutes (mean, 63.7 minutes), the length of hospital stay ranged from 3 to 8 days (mean, 6.9 days). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients, while the remaining incisions healed by first intention. There was no deep vein thrombosis or neurovascular injury. All patients were followed up 17-109 months (median, 70 months). At last follow-up, OKS score, HSS score, and ROM in 30 cases significantly improved when compared with those before operation (P<0.05). Lower limb alignment was significantly corrected and there was significant difference in FTA of the varus and valgus knees between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 86.7% (26/30). Two cases developed contralateral osteoarthritis progression during follow-up. No bearing dislocation, prosthesis loosening or sinking occurred and none required further revision.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with PTA of knee, UKA can obtain definite short- and mid-term effectiveness with high patient satisfaction.

Progress in arthroscopic surgery for injury of superior labrum anterior posterior of shoulder joint / 中国骨伤

Superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) injury is a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons, due to the poor healing ability of the injured labrum. Although arthroscopic surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of SLAP injury, there are still disputes about the adaptation of different surgical techniques, the choice of anchors during operation, knotted or knotless anchors, and fixation methods. The authors believe that arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions is effective for young patients with intact glenoid labrum(<35 years old) or with extensive activity, where single and knotless anchor is preferred. For the older patients(≥35 years old) with degeneration and wear of glenoid labrum, biceps tenodesis is more preferable, and interference screw fixation technique is recommended. As for patients with failed SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis can achieve a high success rate as a revision surgery. By review of the relevant literature in recent years, this paper summarizes the adaptation of different surgical methods of arthroscopic treatment of SLAP injury, intraoperative anchoring techniques, fixation methods and other improved surgical techniques.

Design of variable stiffness insole based on diabetics plantar pressure during gait period / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of plantar pressure of diabetic patients during gait cycle, and to design a offloading insole with variable stiffness. MethodsThe plantar pressure experiment was carried out and a database including 157 subjects was established. The differences of plantar pressure distribution were analyzed among diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy, and healthy people. The insole pressure area was divided, and porous units were filled in different insole areas according to the pressure gradient. The fed-calf-insole finite element model of diabetic patients was constructed. The simulation analysis of different insole schemes was carried out under the conditions of push-off, footheel-strike and dynamic neutrality posture, and to explore the most reasonable insole stiffness design. ResultsCompared with the healthy group, the percentage of peak pressure and high pressure in the left and right heel areas of diabetic neuropathy patients showed a decreasing trend, in which the left peak pressure was significantly reduced by 11% (P = 0.026) and the percentage of high pressure was significantly reduced by 9.8% (P = 0.02). When the porous elements of 2.5 MPa and 1.9 MPa were used in the high pressure area of the insole metatarsal and high pressure area of the heel, the peak plantar pressure of footheel-strike, dynamic neutral and push-off was reduced by 42.4%, 27.4% and 26.4%, and the peak stress of the soft tissue was reduced by 49.8%, 43.6% and 25.1%, respectively. ConclusionThere is a higher risk of ulcer in the metatarsal region than in the heel region for diabetic patients. The variable stiffness insoles based on the optimization of plantar pressure and internal stress under multi-posture can effectively reduce the peak pressure of plantar and peak stress of soft tissue during walking, which provides a reference for the design of variable stiffness insoles.

HIV genotypes and molecular transmission networks among MSM with newly reported HIV infections in Dehong Prefecture， Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the HIV genotypic subtypes and molecular transmission clusters among men who have sex with men （MSM） with newly reported HIV infections in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunnan Province， China， between 2010 and 2019. The study aimed to identify potential high-risk transmitters and provide reference data for screening， management， and intervention of infection sources. MethodsPlasma samples from newly reported HIV-positive MSM individuals in Dehong Prefecture between 2010 and 2019 were collected. The viral pol gene fragments were amplified， sequenced， and genotyped. Genetic distances （GD） between pairwise sequences were analyzed and calculated. MEGA 7.0 and Gephi were used for phylogenetic and molecular transmission network analysis. ResultsA total of 159 newly reported HIV infections among MSM were included in the study， with successful genotyping of 100 cases. Nine HIV-1 subtypes were identified， with the most prevalent being CRF01_AE subtype （52%）， followed by CRF07_BC subtype （31%）， CRF55_01B subtype （10%）， and others （7%）. Cluster analysis revealed a total network access rate of 67%， forming three transmission clusters. CRF01_AE subtype formed two transmission clusters with 38 and 3 infected individuals， while CRF07_BC subtypes formed one transmission cluster with 26 infected individuals. The transmission network within the CRF01_AE clusters exhibited a more complex relationship. Significant differences in educational level were observed between the two main transmission clusters. ConclusionThe predominant HIV subtypes among newly reported MSM cases in Dehong Prefecture between 2010 and 2019 were CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Significant cultural differences are observed between the main transmission clusters. Continued monitoring of genotypic subtypes and targeted interventions within transmission clusters are warranted.

Efficacy of scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To analyze the efficacy of scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of the patients who were confirmed as necrospermia by more than 2 times of semen examination and positive by sperm bacteria culture at the Andrology Department of our center from January 2019 to September 2022. The experiment group patients who were cured by scrotum cold compress combined with sensitive antibiotics and L-carnitine were divided into experiment group A (1 time/day) and experiment group B (2 times/day) according to the daily times of scrotum cold compress. Meanwhile, only sensitive antibiotics and L-carnitine were administered in the control group patients. We recorded the improvement of sperm parameters and the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures in different groups at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment. 【Results】 A total of 145 patients were enrolled in the study. According to the principle of randomization, 49 patients in group A, 49 patients in group B, and 47 patients in the control group were enrolled. After 4 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the experiment group and the control group in terms of abstinence time, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, semen pH, sperm ratio of forward motility, or the sperm survival rate (all P>0.05). In terms of the sperm survival rate, group B (53.1±14.1) was superior to group A (46.2±16.4) (P<0.05). In the results of the treatment at 8 weeks, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures was significantly higher in the experiment group (74/98) than in the control group (26/47) (χ2=5.14, P<0.05). Sperm ratio of forward motility was higher in the experiment group (26.5±11.9) than in the control group (22.8±12.6). The experimental group (53.1±14.6) also had a significantly higher sperm survival rate than the control group (47.6±13.4) (P<0.05). However, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, sperm ratio of forward motility, and the sperm survival rate were lower in experiment group A (35/49, 25.5±10.3, 51.1±15.0) than in experiment group B (39/49, 27.5±13.2, 55.1±14.2), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures in the experimental group (67/98) was significantly higher than that in the control group (21/47) (χ2=6.11, P<0.05). Sperm ratio of forward motility in the experiment group (30.9±11.2) was higher than that in the control group (24.7±13.4) (P<0.05). The experiment group (56.3±13.0) had a significantly higher sperm survival rate than the control group (46.7±12.0, P<0.01). However, in terms of the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, sperm ratio of forward motility, and the sperm survival rate, there were no statistical differences between group A (31/49, 28.8±10.0, 55.9±12.7) and group B (36/49, 32.8±12.1, 56.7±13.4) (all P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics is superior to only antibiotic treatment on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection, especially in the sperm ratio of forward motility and sperm survival rate, but it has little relationship with the times of cold compressions per day. Therefore, the method deserves application in this type of patients’ diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of antidepressants on thyroid hormone level in adolescent depression with suicidal ideation / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in thyroid hormone levels between adolescents with and without suicidal ideation， and to explore the association between thyroid hormone/suicidal ideation and the antidepressant treatment. MethodsA total of 100 patients were divided into non-suicidal ideation group and suicidal ideation group according to the SIOSS. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）， triiodothyronine （T3）， thyroxine （T4）， free triiodothyronine （FT3） and free thyroxine （FT4） were compared between the two groups as well as their changes after 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment. ResultsThe levels of FT3， FT4 and T4 in the non-suicidal ideation group were higher than those in the suicidal ideation group. After 6 weeks of antidepressant treatment， the levels of FT3， FT4 and T4 in the suicide ideation group were higher than those before the treatment. The FT3 level in the male non-suicidal ideation group was higher than that in the suicidal ideation group. The levels of FT4 and T4 in the female non-suicidal ideation group were higher than those in the suicidal ideation group （all P<0.05） ConclusionThere are differences in thyroid hormone levels between adolescents with and without suicidal ideation （both with first-episode depression）， and patients with suicidal ideation have significant changes after treatment with antidepressants.

Clinical observation of contralateral needling combined with Maitland ankle mobilization for chronic ankle sprain / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the efficacy of contralateral needling combined with Maitland ankle mobilization in the treatment of chronic ankle sprain.Methods: A total of 106 patients with chronic ankle sprain were included in the study. They were numbered according to their order of visit, with odd numbers assigned to the control group and even numbers assigned to the observation group, with 53 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with Maitland ankle mobilization, while those in the observation group were given additional contralateral needling treatment. After treatment, we observed the indicators including, ankle circumference, range of motion (ROM) of dorsiflexion, ROM of plantar flexion, thickness of ankle ligaments, and the changes in Baird-Jackson ankle score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score to compare the efficacy between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 94.3％ and was significantly higher than that of the control group (81.1％), indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the ankle circumference of both groups decreased, and the ROM of dorsiflexion and the ROM of plantar flexion increased (P<0.05). The changes in the observation group were more significant, indicating inter-group statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the thickness of the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and posterior talofibular ligament, as well as the VAS scores decreased in both groups; the changes in the observation group were more significant, indicating inter-group statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the Baird-Jackson ankle score and the AOFAS ankle- hindfoot score increased in both groups, and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, indicating inter-group statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of contralateral needling combined with Maitland ankle mobilization in the treatment of chronic ankle sprain is superior to that of Maitland ankle mobilization alone.

Bone turnover markers, hip bone geometry parameters and metabolic syndrome in community overweight postmenopausal women / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of bone turnover markers and geometric parameters of hip bone in overweight postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome(MS), as well as the influence of MS components. To analyze the association of these factors with the risk of fracture.Methods:A total of 505 overweight postmenopausal female patients who underwent health check-up in Lianhu Community Service Center, Danyang City, Jiangsu Province from January to December 2017 were selected. According to the MS diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation(2009), the patients were divided into MS group( n=331)and non-MS group( n=174). Blood samples were collected to determine the level of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide(P1NP)and carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen(CTX). Bone mineral density and hip bone geometry parameters were tested with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and hip structural analysis software. Results:The incidence of osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group(21.1% vs 13.8%, 4.8% vs 1. 1%, P<0.05). However, the bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, and total hip in MS group was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, which remained after adjusting for age( P<0.05), but the difference disappeared after further adjustment for body mass index( P>0.05). The P1NP, CTX, femur strength index(FSI), section modulus(SM), and cross-sectional area(CSA)of MS group were significantly lower than those of non-MS group, the buckling ration(BR)was significantly higher than that in non-MS group, and the differences were still statistically significant after adjusting for age and body mass index( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density of lumbar vertebra 1-4, femoral neck, total hip, P1NP, and CTX between fracture group and non-fracture group in patients with MS. But FSI, SM, cross-sectional moment of inertia(CSMI), and CSA were significantly lower, BR was significantly higher( P<0.05) and femur strength decreased in patients with fracture. Regression analysis showed that high BR was an independent risk factor for fracture risk, while high FSI, SM, CSMI, and CSA were protective factors. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that wasit circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were the main MS components affecting bone mineral density, bone turnover indexes, and hip bone geometry parameters. Conclusions:Overweight postmenopausal MS patients had decreased bone turnover rate, femoral strength, and relatively poor bone quality. Hip bone geometry parameters can be used as one of the methods to assess fracture risk in MS patients. Waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose are the important MS components affecting bone mass and bone quality.

Impact of insulin injection induced lipohypertrophy on multidimensional glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effect of lipohypertrophy induced by insulin injection on blood glucose fluctuation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 80 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were recruited between June 2021 and December 2021 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. And these patients all received insulin injection more than six months. Lipohypertrophy was assessed by ultrasound scanning, and blood glucose fluctuation was evaluated using the flash glucose monitoring system(FGM). Univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the relationship of lipohypertrophy and and core indicators of blood glucose fluctuation.Results:Compared with patients without lipohypertrophy, patients with lipohypertrophy had higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE), coefficient of variation(CV), mean of daily differences(MODD), standard deviation(SD) of blood glucose, time above range(TAR), and high blood glucose index(HBGI; all P<0.05), while time in range(TIR) of glucose markedly become lower( P<0.01). Moreover, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that lipohypertrophy detected by ultrasound was an independent influencing factor of TIR( β=-9.423, P=0.032), MAGE( β=1.114, P=0.039), CV( β=4.304, P=0.041), MODD( β=0.717, P=0.046) after adjusting for age at diagnosis, duration of insulin injection, fasting C-peptide, and daily dose of insulin per unit weight. Conclusion:Lipohypertrophy increases glycemic variability and imposes negative impact on glycemic control rate in patients type 1 diabetes mellitus.